Paunenge uchiongorora mashandiro uye kuvimbika kweiyo photovoltaic yekumisikidza yemazuva ano, chitarisiko chinongowira pazvinhu zvinonyanya kuoneka: mitsetse inopenya yemapanera ezuva anotora chiedza chezuva kana mabhangi makuru ebhatiri anochengeta simba kwezuva rekunaya. Nekudaro, iyo yechokwadi inoshanda nerve nzvimbo yechero solar yekumisikidza inogara mune yakanyanya compact, understated chidimbu chehardware. Ndiyo yepakati pemidziyo yakavharirwa inogara magetsi emagetsi-mainverters, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ma charger controller, switchgear, protection equipment, and monitoring systems. Sezvo zvigadziriso zvezuva zvinofambira mberi kusvika pakusimba kwesimba repamusoro uye tsoka diki dzemuviri, nharaunda yemukati yeiyi centralized hub inotarisana nedambudziko riri kuwedzera rethermodynamic.
Pasina kungwarira kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo dense kusungirirwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvinogadzira yakanyanya kunyura microclimate inoratidzwa nekupisa kwakanyanya kuunganidza. Kugadzirisa iyi microclimate haisi nyaya yekungoita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka; chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa cheinjiniya yemagetsi. Kuita yakaomesesa, nesainzi yakavakirwa kupisa kwekutonga zano mukati meSolar System Cabinet chinhu chakakosha. Inoraira zvakananga kushanda kwekushandura magetsi, inochengetedza hupenyu hwekushanda kweyakasimba{3}}yehurumende hardware, uye inogadza dziviriro yakasimba kubva kune njodzi yekutadza kuparara kwemafuta.
Thermodynamics yeEnclosure: Zvinyorwa zveInternal Heat Generation
Kugadzira kana kuchengetedza inoshanda yekupisa manejimendi zano, munhu anofanirwa kutanga atsvaga kuti kupisa kunobva sei mukati memudziyo wakavharirwa. Iyo solar enclosure inoiswa pasi pehuviri thermodynamic onslaught: mukati tsvina inopisa inogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi panguva yekushanda, uye kunze kwekupisa kwemafuta kunoiswa nenharaunda yakapoteredza.
Iyo yekutanga kupisa kwemukati sosi ndiko kusadzivisika kusingadzivisike kwesimba rekushandura Hardware. Inverters, inoshandura yakananga ikozvino (DC) inogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva kuita alternating current (AC) yekushandiswa kwemba kana grid, michina inoshanda zvakanyanya, inowanzozvikudza pakati pe95% ne98%. Nekudaro, iyo yasara 2% kusvika 5% yesimba haingonyangarike. Maererano nemutemo wekuchengetedza simba, inoshandurwa zvachose kuita tsvina inopisa. Munzvimbo yekugara kana yekutengeserana inobata makumi emagetsi emagetsi, kunyange 3% kurasikirwa kwekushanda kunoshandura mumazana kana zviuru zvewatts zvekupisa zvinoramba zvichipenya zvakananga munzvimbo yakavharwa yemhepo yekabati. Zvakafanana zvinoitika mukati meMPPT ma charger controller padzinodzika pasi{{10}voltage solar power kuti bhatiri rive rakachengeteka{11}}kuchaja magetsi.
Kuwedzera kupisa kwemagetsi uku maitiro ekupisa kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza simba kana -inowanikwa mukati kana pedyo neimba imwe chete. Munguva dzepamusoro{{2}panguva yekuchaja kana kuburitsa, kusamira kwemakemikari mukati memabhatiri-angave lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) kana mutobvu wechinyakare{7}}asidhi{8}}inokonzeresa kuti abvise kupisa. Pakupedzisira, munhu haagoni kufuratira mutoro wekunze wezuva. Nekuti aya makabati emidziyo anowanzo kuisirwa panze padyo ne solar arrays kuti aderedze anodhura DC tambo inomhanya, anoiswa kune yakanyanya, yakananga solar mwaranzi. Ganda resimbi rekabhati isina kuvharwa rinoita semukonduri wemafuta anoshanda zvakanyanya, rinotora ultraviolet nemwaranzi ye infrared kubva kuzuva uye kuendesa kupisa ikoko kunopinda mukati memhepo yemukati kuburikidza ne conduction nemwaranzi.
Zvinoparadza Zvinokonzera Kutadza Kwekupisa
Kana kupisa kwemarara kuchibvumidzwa kuungana kusingatariswe mukati meyakavharirwa, tembiricha yemukati memukati inogona kukwira zvakanyanya kupfuura miganho yekushanda yakachengeteka inotsanangurwa nevagadziri vechikamu. Uku kuvakwa kwekupisa kunokonzeresa kutevedzana kwekuwedzera kwakanyanya kutadza kushanda uye kutadza kwezvinhu.
Nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira yakakonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano inozivikanwa sekushanda kuderera. Kuti udzivise maseketi emukati kubva mukunyunguduka kana kupisa, smart inverters uye ma charger controller anorongwa ne thermal throttling algorithms. Kana tembiricha yemukati ikayambuka-kazhinji inosvika 45℃kusvika 50℃(113℃F kusvika 122℃F){7}}mudziyo unodzikisira maburitsiro acho. Inodzoreredza nemaune kugadzirwa kwayo kwesimba kuti ideredze kubuda kwayo kwemukati wekupisa. Kune bhizinesi resolar kana kuti asina{10}muridzi wemba, izvi zvinoreva kuti munguva yekupisa, kwezuva rakanyanyisa zuva{11}}chaizvoizvo kana simba rekukohwa zuva rave pamusoro zvikuru-sitimu inomanikidzika, zvichikonzera kuderera kukuru kwekushomeka kwesimba uye kurasikirwa kukuru.
Kana tembiricha ikaramba ichikwira ichipfuura pachikumbaridzo chinodzikira, tyisidziro inoshanduka kubva pakurasikirwa nehunyanzvi hwechinguvana kuenda pakushatisa zvachose kwezvinhu. Solid-magetsi ehurumende anodzorwa neArrhenius Rate Law, mutemo weinjiniya wemakemikari uyo unoraira kuti mwero wezvakawanda zvemuviri nekemikari zvinopetwa nekaviri pakuwedzera kwegumi kwega kwega tembiricha. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emagetsi emagetsi, kushanda inverter patembiricha inofanana 10 dhigirii pamusoro peiyo yakakodzera dhizaini yekutanga inocheka zvinobudirira hupenyu hwekushanda hwezvikamu zvayo zvemukati nepakati. Akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCBs) anoona kudziya kwekushushikana kunotenderedza majoini akatetepa, zvichitungamira kune akavhurika maseketi. Aluminium electrolytic capacitor, iyo yakakosha pakupfavisa magetsi emagetsi, inowoma nekukasira pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, kurasikirwa nekugona uye kukonzeresa kutadza kushanda nguva isati yakwana nguva yewaranti yayakataurwa isati yapera.
Pakunyanya kunyanyisa kwekupisa kwekupisa kune njodzi yekumhanya kwemoto uye moto wemagetsi. Kana magetsi achishanda pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, njodzi yekuparara kwe insulation pakakwirira-waya dzemagetsi inowedzera zvakanyanya. Sleeve yewaya yakatsemuka kana yakanyunguduka inogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwearc, kukonzera moto wemagetsi wakanyanya. Uyezve, kana ma module e lithium-ion bhatiri akaiswa mukupisa kwakanyanya mukati menzvimbo isina mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka, inogona kukonzeresa kuparara kwemakemikari mukati memasero. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira ku-kukuchengetedza kupisa kwemhepo, kunoguma nekuputika, kuburitsa gasi rine muchetura, uye kunetsa,{7}}kudzima{8}}moto unogona kuparadza zvachose solar asset.
Magadzirirwo eInjiniya eKushanda KweKabhineti Kudzora Kwemamiriro ekunze
Kudzikamisa kutyisa uku kunoda nzira ye-yakapetwa kaviri yeinjiniya iyo inosanganisa magadzirirwo anodzivirira kupisa kwemamiriro ekunze anoenderana nenzvimbo chaiyo yekutumirwa.
Passive thermal manejimendi inofanirwa kugara ichishanda sehwaro hwedhizaini yakavharirwa, sezvo ichida zero simba remagetsi kushanda uye isina zvikamu zvinofamba zvinogona kupera nekufamba kwenguva. Danho rekutanga mukuita passive dhizaini kukwenenzvera kurongeka kwemuviri wezvikamu zvemukati. Kupisa-kwepamusoro-midziyo yekugadzira, yakaita sematanho emagetsi ekutanga emagetsi kana matransforma makuru, anofanirwa kuiswa padyo nepamusoro pekabati kana padhuze nemaheatsink ekunze, zvichibvumira kufefetera{4}}kusimuka kwemhepo{5}}kumhanyisa kupisa kunzira dzekuburitsa pasina kupfuura nepamusoro pemicroprocessor. Pamusoro pazvo, makabhati ekutanga anoshandisa-zvivakwa zvakakomberedzwa nemadziro ane maburi akabatanidzwa akasimba-magapu emhepo kana akakwirira-mapaneru ekuvharisa mwenje wesolar kuti usapinde kunze. Reflective, high{11}}albedo poda coatings inoiswawo kunze kuti ibvise chikamu chakakosha chesimba resolar riri kuuya.
Zvisineyi, kune-zvikwanisiro zvepamusoro, kuraswa kwega kwega hakuwanzokwana kuti zvienderane nehuwandu hwekupisa kwetsvina mukati. Apa ndipo panosungirwa kupinza mhepo nekumanikidza{{2}kutonhodza mhepo. Sitimu inopinza mhepo inoshandisa zvine hungwaru, yakaiswa muindasitiri, -giredhi yekudya uye kupera mafeni kuti irambe ichiburitsa mweya unopisa kunze kweyakavharika uku ichikwevera kunze kwemhepo inotonhorera inotonhorera kubva kunze. Kudzivirira huruva, mwando, uye twumbuyu kupinda pamwe nemhepo, mapombi aya anofanirwa kuiswa matinji emhando yepamusoro uye-zvinoita mafirita emhepo. Mafeni acho pachawo anowanzo sungirirwa kune zvine hungwaru pulse-width modulation (PWM) zvidzori zvinogadzirisa kumhanya kwefani zvine simba zvichienderana-nenguva mukati metembiricha metrics, optimize mashandisiro esimba uye kuderedza kupfeka kwefani.
Munzvimbo dzinoonekwa nekupisa kwakanyanya, mwando wakanyanya, jecha rinovhuvhuta, kana kupfapfaidza munyu, kuvhurika-loop kumanikidzirwa-kufefetedza kwemhepo hazvigoneke nekuti zvinopinza tsvina dzekunze munzvimbo ine hunyanzvi hwemagetsi. Pakutumirwa kwakaomarara uku, mainjiniya anoshandisa yakavharwa-loop thermal management. Yakavharwa-loop system inonamira zvizere mukati memhepo column yekabati kubva mumhepo yekunze. Kuchinja kupisa kunowanikwa pachishandiswa mhepo-ku{8}}zvinochinjisa kupisa kwemhepo kana mamodules ethermoelectric cooling (TEC). Pazvishandiso zvemuindasitiri kana zvemugwenga zvinonyanya kudiwa, compressor{10}based air conditioning units inoiswa padivi pezvakavharirwa. Aya ehunyanzvi ma AC mayuniti anochengeta mweya wemukati wakanyatsotonhorera, wakaoma, uye wakachena, zvisinei nekuti nharaunda yekunze ingave ine hutsinye hwakadii.
Operational Intelligence: Monitoring uye Preventive Maintenance
Iyo yakanyanya sophisticated yekupisa manejimendi hardware inongonaka sekutonga masisitimu uye maprotocol ekugadzirisa ayo anoona kushanda kwayo. Kusimba kwechokwadi kwekupisa kunoda kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye maitiro ekutanga ekutarisira system.
Mazuva ano solar enclosures dzinofanirwa kubatwa sehungwaru ecosystems ine yakagoverwa smart sensor network. Panzvimbo pekutsamira pane imwe tembiricha yekuverenga kubva kune inverter yemukati sensor, yakasimba yekupisa dhizaini inosanganisa yakawanda tembiricha yedhijitari uye hunyoro humidity probes inoiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha mukati memukati mekabati. Aya ma sensors mepu iyo yemukati microclimate munguva chaiyo, inozivisa nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinopisa uko mweya ungangomira. Iyo data yakakohwewa nemasensor aya inogara ichiongororwa necentral supervisory control uye data acquisition (SCADA) system kana pa-saiti simba rekutonga system.
Hungwaru iyi-yenguva yekushanda inogonesa maitiro ekudzivirira otomatiki. Kana sefa yekutora ikavharwa neguruva, tembiricha yemukati inozotanga kukwira zvichikwira zvisingaite maererano nemamiriro ekunze. Iyo yakangwara yekutarisa sisitimu inogona kuona izvi kusarudzika kare, ichigadzira yambiro yekuzvigadzirisa zvisati zvaitika chero zvinhu zvehardware zvayambuka munzvimbo inodzikira. Kana fan yakakosha yekutonhodza ikatadza zvachose, sisitimu inogona kutanga kutevedzana kwechimbichimbi: kuburitsa zvisina njodzi-maseketi akakosha, kushandura kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kune yakaderera chikumbaridzo, kana kuita kuvharika kunodzorwa kweiyo inverter yekutanga kuparadzanisa sisitimu kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemoto.
Chekupedzisira,-kurebesa kuenderana kwemafuta kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekugadzirisa muviri. Vashandisi veSolar vanofanirwa kumisa mararamiro akajeka ekuchengetedza anosanganisira kuongorora zvisimbiso zvemusuwo wekabati kuti zviparare, kuchenesa kana kutsiva mafirita emhepo, kuona kuti mafirita anoshanda zvakanaka, uye nekuona kuti kunze heatsink zvimbi zvinoramba zvisina tsvina, matendere eshiri, kana zvinomera. Kuregeredza aya mabasa akareruka ekugadzirisa anogona kukanganisa zvachose mamirioni emadhora einjiniya anopisa zvivakwa.
Mhedziso
Iyo yakachengeteka, yakavimbika kushanda kweiyo photovoltaic simba chirimwa inosanganisira kupindirana kwakaoma kwemagetsi, makemikari, uye thermodynamic zvinhu. Sezvo kudiwa kwesimba rakachena kuchikura uye simba rekushandura simba rinowedzera compact uye rine simba, kukosha kwemaitiro ekudzora kwezvakatipoteredza hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Kuchengetedza zvinhu zvisina kusimba mukati meSolar System Cabinet kuburikidza nemaune, nemazvo,{2}}engineered thermal management ndiwo musimboti welinchpin inochengetedza mari yese yesolar.
Nekunyatso ratidza mukati nekunze kwekunze kwekupisa kwemukati, kunzwisisa njodzi dzakakomba dzine chekuita nekushanda kuderera uye kukurumidza kuchembera kwechikamu, uye nekuisa yakanangwa uye inoshanda yekutonhodza matekinoroji, vanoshanda vanogona kuona kuti masisitimu avo anofamba zvakanaka mune chero mamiriro ekunze. Kana yakasanganiswa ne smart sensor network uye yakarangwa yekudzivirira kuchengetedza, inoshanda yekupisa manejimendi inovimbisa kuti epakati magetsi anoramba achitonhorera, anoshanda, uye akachengeteka. Uku kunyatsotarisisa kune zvakadzama kunovimbisa kuti vimbiso yesimba rakazvimirira, rakasimba rinogona kuzadzikiswa nekuvimbika kwemakumi emakore anotevera.